Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
A Condition Resulting in Pain, Numbness, and Tingling in the Hand and Wrist
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a condition that occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm into the hand, becomes compressed within the carpal tunnel—a narrow passageway in the wrist. This compression can lead to pain, numbness, and tingling, primarily in the thumb, index, and middle fingers. Carpal tunnel syndrome is common among individuals who perform repetitive hand movements or experience prolonged wrist strain. At Melbourne Orthopaedic Clinic, we specialise in diagnosing and treating carpal tunnel syndrome to restore hand function and alleviate discomfort.
Causes of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Several factors can contribute to the development of carpal tunnel syndrome, including:
- Repetitive Motion: Frequent and prolonged activities involving the hand and wrist, such as typing or manual labour, can strain the tendons and cause swelling in the carpal tunnel.
- Underlying Medical Conditions: Conditions like diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and thyroid disorders can increase the risk of carpal tunnel syndrome due to associated inflammation or nerve compression.
- Wrist Anatomy: Individuals with a smaller carpal tunnel may be more prone to nerve compression and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome.
- Injury or Trauma: A wrist fracture or other trauma to the wrist can lead to swelling and increase the likelihood of median nerve compression.
Symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome presents with a range of symptoms that may vary in intensity, including:
- Numbness and Tingling: A common symptom is a tingling or numb sensation in the thumb, index, and middle fingers, often described as “pins and needles.”
- Hand Weakness: Reduced grip strength and difficulty holding objects can occur as the condition progresses.
- Pain: Many individuals experience pain in the hand, wrist, or forearm, which may worsen at night or with prolonged use.
- Reduced Dexterity: Fine motor skills may become impaired, affecting tasks that require precise hand movements.
Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
At Melbourne Orthopaedic Clinic, diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome involves a thorough evaluation, including:
- Physical Examination: An assessment of the hand and wrist for signs of swelling, weakness, or sensory changes is conducted, along with tests like Tinel’s sign and Phalen’s test to identify symptoms.
- Nerve Conduction Studies: These tests measure the electrical impulses in the median nerve to detect any slow or abnormal signal transmission, confirming nerve compression.
- Imaging Studies: Ultrasound or MRI scans may be used to rule out other conditions affecting the wrist or to identify structural issues within the carpal tunnel.
Treatment Options for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing further nerve damage. At Melbourne Orthopaedic Clinic, we offer a range of treatment options tailored to individual needs.
Non-Surgical Treatments
Many individuals with mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome find relief through non-surgical approaches, including:
- Wrist Splinting: Wearing a wrist splint, especially at night, helps keep the wrist in a neutral position, reducing pressure on the median nerve.
- Activity Modification: Reducing or modifying activities that strain the wrist can help alleviate symptoms. Ergonomic adjustments, such as improving workstation setup, may also be beneficial.
- Medications: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be recommended to reduce pain and inflammation. In some cases, corticosteroid injections can provide temporary symptom relief.
- Physical Therapy: A physiotherapist can design exercises to improve wrist flexibility, strengthen surrounding muscles, and promote optimal hand function.
Surgical Treatments
If non-surgical treatments are ineffective or symptoms significantly impair daily activities, surgical intervention may be considered, including:
- Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery: This procedure involves cutting the transverse carpal ligament to relieve pressure on the median nerve, reducing symptoms and preventing further nerve damage.
At Melbourne Orthopaedic Clinic, our experienced team is dedicated to providing comprehensive care for carpal tunnel syndrome. We work closely with each patient to develop a personalised treatment plan aimed at alleviating pain, restoring hand function, and improving quality of life. Whether through conservative management or surgical options, our goal is to support you in achieving optimal hand and wrist health.
